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Herbs & Supplements

Scutellaria baicalensis
Scientific Name: Baikal Scullcap
Other Names: Baikal Skullcap Root, Huang Qin, Hwanggum, Ogon, Scute, Wogon

References

Aung H, Mehendale S, Chang WT, Wang CZ, Xie JT, Yuan CS. Scutellaria baicalensis decreases ritonavir-induced nausea. AIDS Research and Therapy. 2005;2:12.

Baylor NW, Fu T, Yan YD, Ruscetti FW. Inhibition of human T cell leukemia virus by the plant flavonoid baicalin (7-glucuronic acid, 5,6-dihydroxyflavone). Journal of Infectious Diseases. 1992;165(3):433-437.

Blaszczyk T, Krzyzanowska J, Lamer-Zarawska E. Screening for antimycotic properties of 56 traditional Chinese drugs. Phytotherapy Research. 2000;14(3):210-212.

Cauffield JS, Forbes HJ. Dietary supplements used in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Lippincotts Primary Care Practice. 1999;3(3):290-304.

Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. MedWatch Safety Alert: Consumers Warned to Stop Using the Dietary Supplement/Herbal Products PC SPES and SPES. February 8, 2002. Available at: http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2002/safety02.ht m#spes. Accessed April 15, 2003.

Cha MH, Kim IC, Lee BH, Yoon Y. Baicalein inhibits adipocyte differentiation by enhancing COX-2 expression. Journal of Medical Food. 2006;9(2):145-153.

Choi YA, Kang OH, Park HJ, et al. Effect of processed Scutellaria baicalensis on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2005;16(4):667-672.

de Boer JG, Quiney B, Walter PB, et al. Protection against aflatoxin-B1-induced liver mutagenesis by Scutellaria baicalensis. Mutation Research. 2005;578(1-2):15-22.

de la Taille A, Hayek OR, Buttyan R, et al. Effects of a phytotherapeutic agent, PC-SPES, on prostate cancer: a preliminary investigation on human cell lines and patients. BJU International. 1999;84(7):845-850.

DiPaola RS, Zhang H, Lambert GH, et al. Clinical and biologic activity of an estrogenic herbal combination (PC-SPES) in prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 1998;339(12):785-791.

Franzblau SG, Cross C. Comparative in vitro antimicrobial activity of Chinese medicinal herbs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1986;15(3):279-288.

Gao Z, Huang K, Yang X, Xu H. Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of flavonoids extracted from the radix of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.1999;1472(3):643-650.

Gol'dberg VE, Ryzhakov VM, Matiash MG, et al. Dry extract of Scutellaria baicalensis as a hemostimulant in antineoplastic chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Eksp Klin Farmakol, 1997;60(6):28-30.

Heo HJ, Kim DO, Choi SJ, Shin DH, Lee CY. Potent inhibitory effect of flavonoids in scutellaria baicalensis on amyloid beta protein-induced neurotoxicity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2004;52(13):4128-4132.

Himeji M, Ohtsuki T, Fukazawa H, et al. Difference of growth-inhibitory effect of Scutellaria baicalensis-producing flavonoid wogonin among human cancer cells and normal diploid cell. Cancer Letters. Epublished ahead of print February 21, 2006.

Ho NK. Traditional Chinese medicine and treatment of neonatal jaundice. Singapore Medical Journal. 1996;37(6):645-651.

Hu Z, Yang X, Ho PC, et al. Herb-drug interactions: a literature review. Drugs. 2005;65(9):1239-1282.

Huang WM, Yan J, Xu J. Clinical and experimental study on inhibitory effect of sanhuang mixture on platelet aggregation. [article in Chinese] Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1995;15(8):465-467.

Hui KM, Wang XH, Xue H. Interaction of flavones from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis with the benzodiazepine site. Planta Medica. 2000;66(1):91-93.

Ishimaru K, Nishikawa K, Omoto T, Asai I, Yoshihira K, Shimomura K. Two flavone 2'-glucosides from Scutellaria baicalensis. Phytochemistry. 1995;40(1):279-281.

Jellin JM, Gregory P, Batz F, Hitchens K, et al, eds. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, 3rd Edition. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2000.

Kim DH, Kim HK, Park S, et al. Short-term feeding of baicalin inhibits age-associated NF-kappaB activation. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. Epublished ahead of print June 9, 2006.

Konoshima T, Kokumai M, Kozuka M, et al. Studies on inhibitors of skin tumor promotion. XI. Inhibitory effects of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis on Epstein-Barr virus activation and their anti-tumor-promoting activities. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. (Tokyo) 1992;40(2):531-533.

Kyo R, Nakahata N, Sakakibara I, Kubo M, Ohizumi Y. Effects of Sho-saiko-to, San'o-shashin-to and Scutellariae Radix on intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in C6 rat glioma cells. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 1998;21(10):1067-1071.

Lee HJ, Noh YH, Lee do Y, et al. Baicalein attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. European Journal of Cell Biology. 2005;84(11):897-905.

Lee SW, Song GS, Kwon CH, Kim YK. Beneficial effect of flavonoid baicalein in cisplatin-induced cell death of human glioma cells. Neuroscience Letters. 2005;382(1-2):71-75.

Li BQ, Fu T, Yan YD, Baylor NW, Ruscetti FW, Kung HF. Inhibition of HIV infection by baicalin--a flavonoid compound purified from Chinese herbal medicine. Cellular and Molecular Biology Research. 1993;39(2):119-124.

Liao JF, Wang HH, Chen MC, et al. Benzodiazepine binding site-interactive flavones from Scutellaria baicalensis root. Planta Medica. 1998;64(6):571-572.

Lim H, Son KH, Chang HW, Kang SS, Kim HP. Inhibition of chronic skin inflammation by topical anti-inflammatory flavonoid preparation, Ato Formula. Archives of Pharmaceutical Research. 2006;29(6):503-507.

Lin CC, Shieh DE. The anti-inflammatory activity of Scutellaria rivularis extracts and its active components, baicalin, baicalein and wogonin. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 1996;24(1):31-36.

Lu Z. Clinical comparative study of intravenous piperacillin sodium or injection of scutellaria compound in patients with pulmonary infection. [article in Chinese] Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1990;10(7):389 and 413-415.

Martin J, Dusek J. The Baikal scullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)--a potential source of new drugs. [article in Czech] Ceska Slovakia Farmacia. 2002;51(6):277-283.

McGuffin M, Hobbs C, Upton R, Goldberg A, eds. American Herbal Product Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1997.

Moyad MA, Pienta KJ, Montie JE. Use of PC-SPES, a commercially available supplement for prostate cancer, in a patient with hormone-naive disease. Urology. 1999;54(2):319-328.

Nagai T, Miyaichi Y, Tomimori T, Suzuki Y, Yamada H. In vivo anti-influenza virus activity of plant flavonoids possessing inhibitory activity for influenza virus sialidase. Antiviral Research. 1992;19(3):207-217.

Nagai T, Miyaichi Y, Tomimori T, Suzuki Y, Yamada H. Inhibition of influenza virus sialidase and anti-influenza virus activity by plant flavonoids. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. (Tokyo) 1990;38(5):1329-1932.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, Online Edition. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter. Stockton CA: Therapeutic Research Facility, 2006. Available at: http://www.pharmacistsletter.com/(S(ulqz3s45omt3ag5 5um4kj345))/home.aspx?li=1&st=1&cs=&s=ND.

Nishioka T, Kawabata J, Aoyama Y. Baicalein, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor from Scutellaria baicalensis. Journal of Natural Products. 1998;61(11):1413-1415.

PC-SPES. National Cancer Institute. National Institutes of Health. Updated June 16, 2005. Available at: http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/cam/pc-spes. Accessed August 25, 2006.

Pfeifer BL, Pirani JF, Hamann SR, Klippel KF. PC-SPES, a dietary supplement for the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. BJU International. 2000;85(4):481-485.

Razina TG, Zueva EP, Amosova EN, Krylova SG. Medicinal plant preparations used as adjuvant therapeutics in experimental oncology. [article in Russian] Ekap Klin Farmakologie. 2000;63(5):59-61.

Regulska-Ilow B, Biernat J, Grajeta H, Ilow R, Drzewicka M. Influence of bioflavonoids from the radix extract of Scutellaria baicalensis on the level of serum lipids, and the development of laboratory rats fed with fresh and oxidized fats. Nahrung. 2004;48(2):123-128.

Sagar SM, Yance D, Wong RK. Natural health products that inhibit angiogenesis: a potential source for investigational new agents to treat cancer-Part 1. Current Oncology. 2006;13(1):14-26.

Sagar SM, Yance D, Wong RK. Natural health products that inhibit angiogenesis: a potential source for investigational new agents to treat cancer-Part 2. Current Oncology. 2006;13(3):99-107.

Shang Y, Cheng J, Qi J, Miao H. Scutellaria flavonoid reduced memory dysfunction and neuronal injury caused by permanent global ischemia in rats. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. 2005;82(1):67-73.

Shang YZ, Miao H, Cheng JJ, Qi JM. Effects of amelioration of total flavonoids from stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on cognitive deficits, neuronal damage and free radicals disorder induced by cerebral ischemia in rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2006;29(4):805-810.

Shang YZ, Qin BW, Cheng JJ, Miao H. Prevention of oxidative injury by flavonoids from stems and leaves of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi in PC12 cells. Phytotherapy Research. 2006;20(1):53-57.

Shao ZH, Vanden Hoek TL, Li CQ, et al. Synergistic effect of Scutellaria baicalensis and grape seed proanthocyanidins on scavenging reactive oxygen species in vitro. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2004;32(1):89-95.

Shieh DE, Cheng HY, Yen MH, Chiang LC, Lin CC. Baicalin-induced apoptosis is mediated by Bcl-2-dependent, but not p53-dependent, pathway in human leukemia cell lines. American Journal of Chinese Medicine. 2006;34(2):245-261.

Smol'ianinov ES, Gol'dberg VE, Matiash MG, et al. Effect of Scutellaria baicalensis extract on the immunologic status of patients with lung cancer receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy. Eksp Klin Farmakologie. 1997;60(6):49-51.

Tang W, Sun X, Fang JS, Zhang M, Sucher NJ. Flavonoids from Radix Scutellariae as potential stroke therapeutic agents by targeting the second postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95)/disc large/zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domain of PSD-95. Phytomedicine. 2004;11(4):277-284.

Tsao TF, Newman MG, Kwok YY, Horikoshi AK. Effect of Chinese and western antimicrobial agents on selected oral bacteria. Journal of Dental Research. 1982;61(9):1103-1106.

Udut EV, Zhdanov VV, Gur'iantseva LA, Minakova MIu, Dygaĭ AM. Mechanisms of the erythropoiesis-stimulating effect of skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) extract. [Article in Russian] Eksp Klin Farmakol. 2005;68(4):43-45.

Wang GF, Wu ZF, Wan L, Wang QT, Chen FM. Influence of baicalin on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand in cultured human periodontal ligament cells. Pharmacology. 2006;77(2):71-77.

Wang JY, Chiu JH, Tsai TH, et al. Gene expression profiling predicts liver responses to a herbal remedy after partial hepatectomy in mice. International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2005;16(2):221-231.

Wong BY, Lau BH, Yamasaki T, Teel RW. Inhibition of dexamethasone-induced cytochrome P450-mediated mutagenicity and metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by Chinese medicinal herbs. European Journal of Cancer Prevention. 1993;2(4):351-356.

Woo KJ, Lim JH, Suh SI, et al. Differential inhibitory effects of baicalein and baicalin on LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression through inhibition of C/EBPbeta DNA-binding activity. Immunobiology. 2006;211(5):359-368.

Yance DR Jr, Sagar SM. Targeting angiogenesis with integrative cancer therapies. Integrative Cancer Therapy. 2006;5(1):9-29.

Yang D, Michel D, Bevalot F, Chaumont JP, Millet-Clerc J. Antifungal activity in vitro of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi upon cutaneous and ungual pathogenic fungi. [article in French] Annales Pharmacie Francais. 1995;53(3):138-141.

Zhang H, Huang J. Preliminary study of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of minimal brain dysfunction: analysis of 100 cases. Chung Hsi I Chieh Ho Tsa Chih. 1990;10(5):260 and 278-279.

Zhang NN, Bu P, Zhu HH, Shen WG. Inhibitory effects of Scutellaria barbatae D. Don on tumor angiogenesis and its mechanism. [Article in Chinese] Ai Zheng. 2005;24(12):1459-1463.

Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, et al. Protective effect of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on cerebral ischemia injury. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Epublished ahead of print June 2, 2006.

Zhao Y, Li H, Gao Z, Gong Y, Xu H. Effects of flavonoids extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi on hemin-nitrite-H2O2 induced liver injury. European Journal of Pharmacology. 2006;536(1-2):192-199

Last Revised July 31, 2007

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Note: The above information is not intended to replace the advice of your physician, pharmacist, or other healthcare professional. It is not meant to indicate that the use of the product is safe, appropriate, or effective for you.

In general, herbal products are not subject to review or approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They are not required to be standardized, meaning that the amounts of active ingredients or contaminants they contain may vary between brands or between different batches of the same brand. Not all of the risks, side effects, or interactions associated with the use of herbal products are known because few reliable studies of their use in humans have been done.

This information is provided for your education only. Please share this information with your healthcare provider and be sure that you talk to your doctor and pharmacist about all the prescription and non-prescription medicines you take before you begin to use any herbal product.

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